Advanced Technologies for Cardiac Valvular Replacement, Transcatheter Innovations and Reconstructive Surgery

Table I Bioprostheses by Positions and Type
Bioprosthesis	Aortic/Mitral	Porcine/Pericardial	Stentless/Stented
Carpentier-Edwards SAV	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT	Aortic & Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Carpentier-Edwards Duraflex	Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Magna	Aortic & Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Carpentier-Edwards PERMOUNT Plus	Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Theon	Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Edwards Prima Plus	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Carpentier-Edwards Biophysio	Aortic	Pericardial	Stented
Hancock II	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Medtronic Mosaic	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Medtronic Mosaic Ultra	Aortic	Porcine	Stented
Medtronic Freestyle	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Medtronic-Venpro Contegra Pulmonary Valved Conduit	Pulmonary	Bovine Jugular Vein
St. Jude Medical-Biocor	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
St. Jude Medical-Biocor Supra	Aortic	Porcine	Stented
St. Jude Medical Epic	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
St. Jude Medical Epic Supra	Aortic	Porcine	Stented
St. Jude Medical-Toronto SPV	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
St. Jude Medical-Toronto SPV Stentless Root Bioprosthesis	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
St. Jude Medical-Biocor Pericardial	Aortic & Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
St. Jude Medical-Biocor Stentless	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
St. Jude Medical Trifecta	Aortic	Pericardial	Stented
Sorin Pericarbon MØRE	Aortic & Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Sorin Pericarbon Freedom	Aortic	Pericardial	Stentless
Sorin Pericarbon Freedom Solo	Aortic	Pericardial	Stentless
Sorin Soprano	Aortic	Pericardial	Stented
Sorin-Mitroflow	Aortic	Pericardial	Stented
Pulmonary Autograft	Aortic	Allograft	Stentless
CryoValve Aortic & Pulmonary Valve with/without Conduit	Aortic & Pulmonary	Allograft	Stentless
CryoValve Mitral	Mitral & Tricuspid	Porcine	Stentless
Cryolife-O’Brien	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Shelhigh Skeletonized Super-Stentless	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Shelhigh Porcine Pulmonic Valve Conduit	Pulmonary	Porcine with segments bovine pericardial tissue	Stentless
Koehler Aspire	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Koehler Elan	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Koehler Root Elan	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
3F Therapeutics Stentless Equine Pericardial	Aortic	Pericardial	Stentless
Carpentier Edwards Bioprosthetic Valved Conduit	Aortic	Porcine	Stented
Labcor Stented Porcine	Aortic & Mitral	Porcine	Stented
Labcor Stented Pericardial	Aortic & Mitral	Pericardial	Stented
Labcor Stentless Porcine	Aortic	Porcine	Stentless
Glycar Quattro	Mitral	Pericardial	Stentless

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Table II Mechanical Prostheses by Type
Prosthesis	Bileaflet/Monoleaflet Design
St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis (HP & Regent)	Bileaflet
CarboMedics Mechanical (Top Hat, Optiform & Orbis)	Bileaflet
Sorin Monoleaflet Allcarbon Mechanical	Monoleaflet
Sorin Bicarbon Mechanical (Slimline & Overline)	Bileaflet
ATS Mechanical	Bileaflet
On-X Mechanical	Bileaflet
Medtronic-Hall, Medtronic-Hall Easy Fit	Monoleaflet
Medtronic Advantage	Bileaflet
Medtronic Advantage Supra	Bileaflet
Omnicarbon Mechanical	Monoleaflet
Edwards Mira Mechanical (Finesse & Ultra Finesse)	Bileaflet
Koehler Ultracor Mechanical	Monoleaflet
Starr-Edwards Mechanical	Silastic Ball
St. Jude Medical Masters Aortic Valved Graft	Bileaflet
CarboMedics Carbo-Seal Aortic Valved Graft	Bileaflet
CarboMedics Carbo-Seal Valsalva Aortic Valved Graft	Bileaflet
Sorin Carbon Art Aortic Valved Graft	Bileaflet

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Table III Transcatheter Heart Valve Therapies by Position
Prosthesis	Position
Edwards Lifesciences Percutaneous	Aortic
CoreValve Percutaneous Pericardial	Aortic
Medtronic Melody Pulmonary Valve & Right Sided Valve Conduit Replacement	Pulmonary
3F Therapeutics ENABLE	Aortic
3F Therapeutics ENTRATA	Aortic
Edwards Lifesciences Ascendra	Aortic
Sadra Percutaneous Pericardial	Aortic
Nanotechnology Approaches (AorTx & Polmaz-Bailey)	Aortic
Coarzon Percutaneous Aortic Valve Repair (PAVR) System	Aortic
Coarzon Surgical Aortic Valve Repair (SAVR) System	Aortic
MitraClip Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair System	Mitral
Milano Endovascular Edge-to-Edge Repair	Mitral
Viacor Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Annuloplasty (PTMA)	Mitral
Edwards Viking Endovascular Coronary Sinus Ring	Mitral
Mitralign Retrograde Transventricular Mitral Annuloplasty	Mitral
Carillon Mitral Contour System	Mitral
Myocar Coapsys Transventricular Remodelling	Mitral
3F Therapeutics Percutaneous Bioprostheses for Tricuspid Regurgitation	Tricuspid

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Table IV
Annuloplasty Prostheses for Valvular
Reconstructive Surgery

Annuloplasty Prostheses

Carpentier-Edwards Classic Annuloplasty Rings

Carpentier-Edwards Physio Annuloplasty Ring

Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System

Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams IMR ETlogix Annuloplasty Ring

Medtronic-Duran Flexible Annuloplasty Ring

Medtronic-Duran Flexible Annuloplasty Band

Medtronic Colvin-Galloway Future Band

St. Jude Medical Sequin Annuloplasty Ring

St. Jude Medical Tailor Annuloplasty Ring

St. Jude Medical Rigid Saddle Annuloplasty Ring

Sorin-CarboMedics Annulo Flo Annuloplasty Ring

Sorin-CarboMedics Annulo Flex Annuloplasty Ring

Sorin Sovering Annuloplasty Rings

Sorin Memo 3-D Annuloplasty Rings

Genesee Sculptor Annuloplasty Ring

Koehler MRS (Mitral Repair System)

Jostra Fully Flexible Annuloplasty Ring

Jostra Rigid Annuloplasty Rings

Jostra Rigid La Pitie Annuloplasty Ring

ATS Stimulus Annuloplasty Ring/Band

Shelhigh BioRing

Medtronic Simplici-T Annuloplasty System

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Table V Prostheses Options for Aortic Valve Replacement According to Age Range
Age Range (years)	*Prosthesis Ttype*
20 to 40	Pulmonary autograft (no contraindication; ie, annuloaortic ectasia)
	Mechanical prosthesis
	Allograft (if contraindication to autograft or anticoagulation)
41 to 64	Mechanical prosthesis
	Stentless heterograft prosthesis
	Stented heterograft prosthesis
	Pulmonary autograft (to 55 years if good candidate)
	Allograft
65 and older	Stented heterograft—porcine or pericardial (specifically if large annulus)
	Stentless heterograft—subcoronary implantation
	Allograft or stentless porcine root (specifically if small annulus or calcified root)
	Mechanical prosthesis

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Table VIa Predictors of Risk for Aortic Valve Replacement
	Reoperation		Morbidity		Mortality
	HR	p-Value	HR	p-Value	HR	p-Value
Age	0.95	<0.001	1.03	<0.001	1.04	<0.001
Gender	1.04	0.812	1.17	0.438	0.91	0.607
Valve Type	0.22	<0.001	6.57	<0.001	1.00	0.992
Valve Size	1.04	0.142	1.06	0.151	1.01	0.750
Con. CAB	0.87	0.390	1.06	0.727	1.13	0.398

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Table VIb Freedom from Valve Related Composites—Aortic Valve Replacement
	VR-REOP				VR-MORB				VR-MORT
Age Groups	Actuarial		Actual		Actuarial		Actual		Actuarial		Actual
(Yrs)	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP
51-60	45.2	98.1	59.7	98.3	97.6	85.4	97.8	86.4	91.8	94.1	93.2	94.9
61-70	77.5	82.3	87.9	89.4	95.6	81.5	96.6	84.4	82.8	89.3	88.3	91.1
>70	92.9	100	97.4	100	92.1	84.0	95.9	86.9	77.8	95.5	87.9	96.0
	*BP at 15 years (%)				T>MP at 12 years (%)

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Table VIIa Predictors of Risk for Mitral Valve Replacement
	Reoperation		Morbidity		Mortality
	HR	p-Value	HR	p-Value	HR	p-Value
Age	0.98	0.001	1.02	0.0302	1.04	<0.001
Gender	0.88	0.4524	1.09	0.6533	1.41	0.0912
Valve Type	0.19	<0.001	1.25	0.1792	0.61	0.0202
Valve Size	1.01	0.8525	0.98	0.6816	0.97	0.4241
Con. CAB	0.76	0.1079	1.09	0.6233	0.85	0.4198

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Table VIIb Freedom from Valve-Related Composites—Mitral Valve Replacement
	VR-REOP				VR-MORB				VR-MORT
Age Groups	Actuarial		Actual		Actuarial		Actual		Actuarial		Actual
(Yrs)	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP	BP	MP
61-70	44.4	94.0	75.2	95.6	81.3	82.6	89.3	86.8	59.1	93.9	81.0	94.2
>70	82.3	96.7	91.7	97.1	78.2	85.0	88.1	87.2	50.2	89.6	84.3	90.7
	*BP at 15 years (%)				**MP at 12 years (%)

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